THE DAILY LIFE IN ANCIENT GREECE: ANCIENT GREEK
VESSELS
The alimentary habits of ancient Greeks was
characterized by the austerity, something that reflected the difficult conditions
under which the Greek agricultural activity was held. They used various vessels in order to store wine and other liquid and drinkable products : the crater, the kylix, the oinochoi,the skyfos,the psyktir, the kyathos, the ryto, the beetle,
the sac and the acetabulum.
The ancient Greeks drank their wine mixed with water, wine 'kekrammeno'
that is to say. Those who drank the wine net, they were called
akratopotes, something proportional with current drunkard. The crater was the
vessel, in which water and wine were mixed. The crater has usually a round body, wide
orifice, heavy base and handholds on both sides. In general it is categorized in four
types, according to the form of the body or the handholds. The helical crater has handholds on both sides in the form of a helix. The columnar crater has handholds in a columnar
form and the kalykoschimos crater has a body in the form of a cartridge. The kodonoschimos
crater has a body in the form of an upside down ' kodona'.
Types
Helical crater
Distinguishable neck, heavy support and two handholds in the form of a spiral that
is extended by the shoulder of the vessel up to the opening. The form was imported about
575 B.C., even if the 'melanomorfa' samples are infrequent and they were made at the end of 6th B.C. in Apoulias, Greek colony in Southern Italy.
Kionotos crater
It is distinguished by the round
body, the distinguishable neck with the firm orifice and verge and heavy support.
Each handhold is constituted by a pair of cylindric stalks that leads to a
horizontal member, linked in the verge. This form passed in the production from
the first half of 6th century B.C. and was also maintained up to the 5th century
B.C., and then lost his popularity. The decorative scene is usually developed
in the body. The verge has occasionally 'melanomorfi thiriomorfiki zoforo'.
Kalykoschimos crater
The kalykoschimos crater is characterized by the deep body
with the more inferior department of convex, and the superior lightly concave.
Kodonoschimos crater
This particular type of vessel has a kodonoschimo body
with curved handholds, that are placed in the body and are bent lightly. The particular type was imported after the beginning of
'erythromorfi' technique and was preferred particularly after the
fifth century. The decorative scene is set in the body and the
decoration is very simple.
Skyfoeidis crater
The body of this particular type is a round bowl with
small handholds. This form was
preferred only in the premature 'melanomorfi' period. The epipomatio (cover), the
body and the base are decorated and they usually have 'zoforoi' .
Oinochoi
Oinochoi is a jug for the discharge of wine that was used in antiquity. Its
name is a complex word from wine and cheo ( pour ). The name is applied for this
particular type, thus as it is answered in each philological testimony.
Skyfos
Skyfos was a kind of ancient Greek vessel
with two handholds that was manufactured from timber or clay, (ceramic) or from
noble metal silver or gold.
Psyktir (vessel)
The Attic 'melanomorfos
psyktiras' portrays the departure of warrior, per. 525-500 P.K.E. Louvre,
No of exhibit F 319.Psyktiras in the ancient Greek ceramics is a vessel in the
form of a mushroom, that was used for the
refridgeration of wine. It was usually placed in a bigger vessel, a
crater, that contained cool water. Various forms of vessels for the
refridgeration of wine were previously used, too . Psyktires of however particular
form were made round 520
B.C., obviously in combination with the 'kalykoto crater', a form that was used in 530 B.C. Their use was very short.
Ryto
Ryto is a
container for potable liquids or 'choes' which was used during rituals.
Beetle
The beetle is a vessel which was used to
adore god Dionysos, and constitutes his symbol. During the classic
and hellenistic era it is also met also in daily life, and it is associated with the bravery, the men's life and the adoration of deads.
The bigger beetles that were found were
placed on graves.
Storage vessels
Some vessels were used in order to store foods : amforeas, peliki, boiler, pithos, ydria and stamnos.
Amphoreas
It was occasionally used for the
storage of wine and oil.
Peliki
Pithos
Ydria (vessel)
Vessels for funerals and rituals.
Kernos
Kernos was an ancient Greek vessel that was used in Eleusinia Mysteries for the sacrifice of inmates. Kernoi
were also found in Crete, in the palace of Malia. Discoveries are exposed
today in Louvre, as well as in the Archaeological Museum in Irakleion.
LIKYTHOS
Likythos was used to store oil and it was placed on the grave of unmarried dead but also in wedding ceremonies.
Artistry
The representations that they had were often scenes
of daily activities or rituals. They were often used in funeral rituals, and had scenes of loss, separation or
even departure.
Kalpis (vessel)
The name kalpis appears to
have the same meaning with that of ydrias. The production of this particular vessel was continuous.The decorative scene is in the body, more seldom in the frame.
Perirrantirio
It was used to store water. It
was made from carved Stone, marble and more seldom from cooked clay.
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